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Το ξυλόφωνο (xylophone) έχει και αυτό την ίδια διάταξη στις πλάκες του με το μεταλλόφωνο, μόνο που αυτές είναι ξύλινες, από ξύλο τριανταφυλλιάς συνήθως, στερεωμένες πάνω σε αντηχεία, για να ενισχύεται ο ξερός ή πλούσιος (ανάλογα με το τονικό ύψος) ήχος. Παραλλαγή του ξυλόφωνου, με βαθύτερο όμως ήχο, είναι η μαρίμπα (marimba) που χρησιμοποιείται ευρύτατα στη λατινοαμερικάνικη μουσική.
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